What is asthma?
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult. During an asthma attack, the muscles around the airways tighten, the lining swells, and excess mucus is produced — all of which restrict airflow.
While asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively controlled with proper medication, trigger avoidance, and an asthma action plan. Most people with asthma live active, full lives when their condition is well-managed.
What causes asthma flare-ups?
Asthma triggers vary by person. Identifying your specific triggers is essential for effective management.
Allergens
Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, and cockroach droppings can trigger allergic asthma responses.
Irritants
Smoke, strong odors, cleaning products, air pollution, and chemical fumes irritate sensitive airways.
Exercise & Cold Air
Physical activity and breathing cold, dry air can cause exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
Infections
Colds, flu, sinus infections, and respiratory viruses often worsen asthma symptoms.
Managing asthma effectively
Asthma treatment consists of controller medications for daily use and rescue inhalers for quick relief during flare-ups.
-
Controller
Inhaled Corticosteroids
The most effective long-term control medication. Reduces airway inflammation when taken daily, even when feeling well. Examples: fluticasone, budesonide.
-
Rescue
Short-Acting Beta Agonists
Fast-acting bronchodilators that relax airway muscles within minutes. Used for quick relief during symptoms or before exercise. Example: albuterol.
-
Controller
Long-Acting Bronchodilators
Combined with inhaled steroids for moderate to severe asthma. Keeps airways open for 12+ hours. Examples: salmeterol, formoterol.
-
Specialized
Biologic Therapies
Injectable medications for severe asthma that targets specific inflammatory pathways. Examples: omalizumab, mepolizumab, dupilumab.
Need an asthma action plan?
Work with your healthcare provider to create a personalized asthma action plan that outlines daily management and emergency response.
View Resources